Pore-scale modeling, aided by imaging advancements and computational power, is now a vital tool for comprehending fluid flow and transport in porous media. It allows detailed exploration of pore structures and analysis of fluid dynamics and mass transport at smallest scales. This work presents the Pore Region Growing (PREGO) Algorithm, a novel approach to address segmentation challenges encountered

Floodwater utilization (FU) helps alleviate water shortages in regions with uneven rainfall. This study focuses on basin-wide FU, considering diverse water infrastructure and the delicate balance between flood risks and water scarcity. FU measures including optimizing reservoir flood limited water level (FLWL), extending the use of flood detention areas, and compensatory use of channel capacities,

The intensification of the hydrological cycle has altered the spatiotemporal redistribution of terrestrial water storage (TWS). The long-term evolutionary mechanism controlling global TWS droughts and their bivariate risks (i.e., drought and severity) remain uncertain. Using machine learning-based TWS reconstructions, we explored the drivers, changes, and impacts of TWS droughts during 1940–2022 at

The influence of terrain elevation on carbon and water ecosystem services, mediated by heat and energy redistribution, has significant implications for the Qinghai Tibet Plateau (QTP). Renowned as the “Third Pole of the Earth” and the “Water Tower of Asia,” the QTP boasts the planet’s most extensive elevation range. However, understanding the intricate effects of the elevation gradient (EG) on carbon

The vegetated region is known as the “hot zone” for the exchange of substances in river systems, which causes an uneven pressure distribution at the sediment–water interface (SWI) and then forms hyporheic exchange (HE). However, as a common form of plant survival, the impact of vegetation patches on HE has received little research attention. In this study, laboratory experiment and numerical simulations

The hyporheic exchange is not evenly influenced by heterogeneous hydraulic conductivity (K) values throughout the streambed. Few studies have investigated the impact of K heterogeneity in different regions of the streambed on the hyporheic exchange. This study employed a first-order stochastic analysis and a dislocation superposition method to examine the cross-correlation between hyporheic exchange

Vertical motion is an important driver of sunlight exposure in aquatic environments, shaping the growth and fate of materials and organisms. We derive a simple model accounting for turbulent depth fluctuations of particles to predict the depth that contributes the most sunlight exposure (effective depth) as well as the single depth that, if measured at one place over time, produces the same total sunlight

Reliable projection of future drought conditions is critical for informing adaptation in response to future climate change. However, the uncertainty associated with drought projection impedes the precise estimation of drought risk and consequently efficient adaptation strategy. To better understand the role of uncertainty in drought projection, this study distinguished the total uncertainty of drought

High-resolution, continuous groundwater data is important for place-based adaptive aquifer management. This information is unavailable in many areas due to spatial sparsity of and temporal gaps in groundwater monitoring. This study advances the ability to generate high-resolution (1?km2), temporally continuous estimates of groundwater level (GWL) changes by incorporating 1?km2 covariates and existing

Transport phenomena are crucial components of the biological and chemical processes that govern fluvial environments. The presence of vegetation along rivers plays a significant role in affecting the flow velocity, which becomes unevenly distributed, and consequently is an important factor that can affect longitudinal and transversal dispersion and mixing of pollutants. Therefore, in this study, to

Urban stormwater is contaminated by a wide range of substances whose concentrations vary greatly between locations, as well as between and during rain events. This literature review evaluates advantages and limitations of current methods for using continuous water quality monitoring for stormwater characterization and control. High-temporal-resolution measurements have been used to improve the understanding

Climate warming is linked to earlier onset and extended duration of cyanobacterial blooms in temperate rivers. This causes an unpredictable extent of harm to the functioning of the ecosystem and public health. We used Microcystis spp. cell density data monitored for seven years (2016–2022) in ten sites across four temperate rivers of the Republic of Korea to define the phenology of cyanobacterial blooms

Flood assessments are increasingly vital and challenging due to the rapid urbanisation of cities and climate change phenomena. Methods for flood assessments have been actively improved to help mitigate the impact of flooding, thus reducing the risk. The emergence of social media has provided crowdsourced data that can potentially provide immediate and valuable information on flood situations. Therefore

The increase in the extreme drought trend, reduction in soil erosion, and acceleration of deep soil desiccation are renewing interests in soil water dynamics and its environmental controls after long-term (>30 years) grass and shrub revegetation on the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP). However, inconsistent findings have been reported on soil water dynamics in these typical land uses due to the multi-dependent

Snow depth is a critical parameter for measuring the variations of the snowpack, and its measurement also influences the accuracy of hydrological and climate models. Polarimetric SAR interferometry (PolInSAR) technology combines the capabilities of Polarimetric SAR (PolSAR) and Interferometric SAR (InSAR), and has significant potential for retrieving snow depth. The hybrid DEM differencing and coherence

Evapotranspiration (ET) data is critical for monitoring the limited hydrological resources in arid areas. At present, the spatial resolution of ET derived by the thermal infrared images from satellite data is coarse (always more than 500m). The low-resolution data cannot meet the needs of the high-precision mapping of ET. Therefore, it is important to undertake a downscaling procedure to improve the

In river ecosystems with diverse hydrological conditions, major nutrients and dissolved organic matter (DOM) play significant roles in governing the abundance and composition of phytoplankton communities. Understanding the significance of these factors is crucial for mitigating phytoplankton blooms. An extensive study was conducted to explore this relationship including an examination of 108 phytoplankton

Geothermal springs within the same geothermal system are naturally considered with similar output manifestation, but usually distinct. A low temperature geothermal spring group (Bogexi) on eastern Tibetan Plateau was investigated and compared with the boiling geothermal spring group (Rekeng) in the same fault zone to get insights into the reasons behind. The Bogexi geothermal springs have quite lower

Accurately predicting the thermal conductivity of unsaturated soils is crucial for assessing and simulating the long-term environmental impact of subterranean engineering structures. This study presents a fractal thermal conductivity model for unsaturated soils that considers the influence of heterogeneous pore topology, water content and volumetric deformation. Based on the results from the scanning

Coastal cities are affected by the compound effects of flood hazard systems, including the ocean, river, and coastal land, within which the disaster-induced factors interact complexly. To explore the combined effects of multiple disaster-causing factors under changing environment, this study first constructed univariate distribution by maximum daily precipitation of the year at Zhuhai Station from

Pore-scale modelling is an important tool to improve our understanding of multiphase flow in porous media. Slow fluid invasion is commonly modelled using quasi-static pore network models (PNM). These models simulate the invasion in a network of simplified pores and throats by invading network elements in order of the quasi-static “invasion” capillary pressure needed for the invading fluid to enter

This paper focus on the numerical approximation of two-layer shallow water system. First, a new approximation of the eigenvalues of the system is proposed, which satisfies some interesting properties. From this approximation, we give an accurate estimation of the non-hyperbolic region, which improves significantly the one computed with the classic eigenvalues approximation. In particular, we estimate

Novel UV sources, which do not contain mercury, provide the opportunity for enhancement of current oxidation technologies through spectral optimization, minimizing inefficiencies that currently limit conventional technology. Wastewater reuse is the primary full-scale application of UV advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) in practice but any background absorbance and the low molar absorption by conventional

For membrane-based, water treatment technologies, fouling remains a significant challenge for pressure-driven processes. While many antifouling strategies have been proposed, there remains significant room for efficiency improvement. Direct application of microbubbles (MBs) at the membrane interface offers a promising approach for managing interfacial fouling through continuous physical interaction(s)

Combined sewer overflows (CSOs), which typically occur during heavy rainfall events, pose significant threats to both public health and the environment. These threats encompass various concerns, including contamination of drinking water. Numerous studies have developed strategies aimed at mitigating the adverse effects of CSOs. These strategies include Green Infrastructure, Integrated Planning, and

Machine learning (ML) algorithms have produced remarkable advances in streamflow prediction, exceeding the performance of calibrated conceptual and physics-based hydrological models that have been developed over many decades. ML algorithms seem to overcome the issue of errors known to be present in rainfall and streamflow estimates that have hindered the performance of hydrological models for decades

Precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is generally influenced by the Asian monsoons, the westerlies, and the local circulation patterns. However, the exact contributions of these systems to different regions over the TP remain largely unknown. To reveal these, this study traced the origin of precipitation at four marginal and one central grid cells of the TP from 2011 to 2020. The results indicate