Both quantification and communication of environmental impacts can create the foundation for improved sustainable production and decision-making. Without widespread information about site-specific environmental impacts, stakeholders cannot make a well-informed decision based on the local system boundaries. With organization-wide digital platforms, different aspects of production and management can

Multiseam mining in gully regions has resulted in severe and complex disaster chains, including crack development, mountain landslides, river blockage, and intensified mine water inflow. To prevent and control water inrush disasters, it is imperative to investigate the characteristics and mechanizations of overburden failure under the combined effect of gully terrain and repeated mining in coal seams

The recovery and concentration of the nickel sulphide mineral, pentlandite, present several challenges due to its relatively slow flotation, leading to excessive hydrophilic gangue minerals in the concentrate. The REFLUX? Flotation Cell (RFC?) offers the potential for a significant hydrodynamic advantage over conventional flotation. Much of this advantage is due to the replacement of the pulp and froth

The effect of magnetic stirring was investigated on the microstructure of Co deposits during electrowinning in a chloride solution. The microstructure of Co deposits obtained before and after using the magnetic stirring was systemically characterized. Cyclic voltammograms were carried out to investigate the electro-reduction of Co2+ ions. The nucleation and growth of Co deposits were discussed based

Aqueous solutions of high molecular weight partially hydrolysed polyacrylamide (PHPA) are used in mineral exploration drilling to increase fluid viscosity and thereby help maintain the suspension of fine cuttings being brought to the surface. However, clarifying such suspensions prior to drilling fluid recycling can be problematic, leading to recirculating particle loads that can impact on drilling

We conducted small-scale field hydraulic fracturing (HF) experiments using carbon dioxide (CO2) and water as fracturing fluids. A hole was drilled 10–14?m below the tunnel floor into hot granitic rock whose temperature can form CO2 supercritical state at HF pressure. Under the same injection rate of 10?mL/min, the volume of the acoustic emission (AE) hypocenter distribution induced by CO2 HF was approximately

The intermediate effective principal stress has a considerable influence on rock strength as shown by true-triaxial data on intact rock. Therefore, a failure criterion that incorporates all three principal stresses may provide an improved prediction of failure than one that considers only the major and minor effective principal stresses. This study introduces a generalisation method, which converts

In this work, fulvic acid (FA) was tested as a novel arsenopyrite depressant in the flotation separation of chalcopyrite from arsenopyrite with or without calcium hypochlorite (Ca(ClO)2). The flotation behaviors were investigated by single and artificial mixed mineral flotation tests. The depression mechanism of FA and Ca(ClO)2 on mineral surface was uncovered by electrochemical measurement, Zeta potential

This review highlights the benefits and applications of coarse particle flotation, the challenges associated with coarse particles during the flotation process, and recent developments in improving coarse particle flotation. Recovering particles at a large size through flotation has numerous applications, including early gangue rejection, tail scavenging, and roughing tasks. It offers several benefits

The flotation separation of galena (PbS) and chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) with sulfuric acid (H2SO4) requires high temperatures (60–80?°C) and long treatment times (greater than25?min). In this paper, ultrasonication was applied to enhance PbS depression with H2SO4. Flotation and contact angle results revealed that PbS rather than CuFeS2 could be completely depressed by H2SO4 and ultrasonication without slurry

This paper presents a fundamental study using a modified Kynch’s approach to account for the hindered settling behavior of suspensions impacted by segregation. Conventional batch settling tests and interruptive batch settling tests with sample collection were performed to investigate the settling behavior of a fine copper tailings. The experimental data indicate that the solids concentration of the

Productivity, as one of the key indicators for assessing the performance of a crusher, holds significant importance in guiding production practices. It refers to the quantity of materials processed or the quality of output materials within a given time frame. However, there is currently limited research on eccentric roller crushers, and the calculation method for productivity is unclear, failing to

Use of mixed collectors in froth flotation confirmed effective separation of minerals with better selectivity and synergistic effects. But the underlying interaction mechanism still keep vague and have not been interpreted clearly so far. This work proposed a quantitative perspective to account for experimental flotation behavior from active site calculation, which has not been involved in flotation

In the current paper, we propose a new three-dimensional strength criterion for rocks expressed in terms of the first principal stress invariant, I1, and the second and third invariants of the deviatoric stress tensor, J2 and J3. The design of this constitutive model conjugates the characteristics of two of the most well-known and widely used criteria in geotechnical engineering: Hoek-Brown and Matsuoka-Nakai

Abstract not available

To systematically validate and calibrate the theory and technology of the deep in-situ condition-preserved coring, the in-situ conditions at different depths should be simulated, and the full-size coring tests should be carried out in this simulated environment. Therefore, a deep-rock in-situ condition-preserved coring calibration platform was designed and developed. The self-tightening sealing structure

One important application of rod milling is in size reduction of coke breeze, which is used as solid combustible in iron ore sintering plants. The work applies modeling and simulation of an industrial circuit comprised of a flip-flow screen and a rod mill to predict the circuit response in long-term operation, following the strategy used in the plant of replacing the rod charge only when it reaches

Interparticle adhesion force has a controlling effect on the physical and mechanical properties of planetary regolith and rocks. The current research on the adhesion force of planetary regolith and rock particles has been primarily based on the assumption of smooth spherical particles to calculate the intergranular adhesion force; this approach lacks consideration for the adhesion force between irregular

To provide a more accurate evaluation of the scale of deep underground resources, a new pressure coring system was carefully developed and its strength and safety of the engineering were verified by theoretical analyses and numerical simulation. The designed pressure coring system can obtain cores with length of 3?m and diameter of 50?mm at 70?MPa. The results of the ball-drop operation experiment

Large quantities of work have been done previously on mineralogical properties and elements extraction of tantalum ores. However, the occurrence states and carrier minerals of U/Th in refractory slag still have not been studied in detail. The objective of this study was to investigate the tantalum slag, in order to determine the distribution and occurrences of uranium–thorium and their carrier minerals

Among the flotation system process variables, mineralogy is the most difficult one to measure online. Mineralogy is typically measured through methods like Mineral Liberation Analysis (MLA) and QEMSCAN but these require sample preparation in polished sections only providing results after days or shifts. Alternatively, process plants utilise X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) or Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Direct acid leaching was conducted to recover rare earth elements (REEs) from an allanite ore assaying 9,861.4?ppm of REEs. The effects of operational variables, such as acid type, sulfuric acid (H2SO4) concentration, temperature, solid/liquid (S/L) ratio, and particle size, on the total REE (TREE) recovery were systematically examined. The REE mineralogy and the involved leaching mechanisms were investigated

The significance of zinc oxide ore as an important supplementary source to meet the growing demand for zinc resources has been underscored. In this study, a combination of dodecylamine (DDA) and sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate (DDTC) was employed as a mixed collector system to enhance the flotation of smithsonite. The utilization of the DDA/DDTC mixed collector led to a remarkable flotation performance

This work evaluated the pre-concentration and fractionation of rare earth elements (REE) from an acid mine drainage (AMD), by using ion exchange technique. The AMD presents pH 3.50, total REE content of approximately 45.5?mg?g?1, 1.3?g L?1 of sulfate and 253?mg L?1 of Ca, Al, Mg as the main impurities. The tests were carried out in columns using a commercial strongly acidic cation exchange resin, LEWATIT?

Residual vanadium accounts for about 1% of calcification roasted-acid leaching tailings after industrial vanadium extraction. Vanadium pollution is primarily induced by the stacking of tailings. In this study, the conventional leaching process based on sulfuric acid is compared with the ultrasound-H2O2 synergistic enhanced process in the extraction of residual vanadium from calcification roasted-acid

The use of automated mineralogy has been critical in understanding all stages of a mine cycle including; identification of potential ore phases for exploration projects; routine composites for monthly mineralogy trends including liberation of target phases plus identification of penalty phases; for mine closure; and the potential of reactions like carbon sequestration from mine waste in order to ensure

In froth flotation, froth recovery is a key factor as it quantifies the effect that the froth has on the overall cell recovery. Froth recovery is affected by a number of variables, including froth stability, particle size and density, and the operating conditions of the flotation cell. Despite its importance, modelling froth recovery is challenging due to the large number of competing effects involved

Mineral processing utilizes large amounts of water and aims to reduce water consumption by recirculation and closing the water loops. This results in accumulation of chemical and biological contaminants in process water that may have adverse outcomes on the process performance. To optimize water quality suitable for each process step and plant, knowledge of both chemical and biological effects are

Ilmenite concentrates are the raw material used for the production of titania pigment and metallic titanium. This work studies the effect of the addition of Na2CO3 in direct carbothermic reduction of ilmenite concentrate to enhance the separation of metallic iron from titanium components. The effects of temperature, Na2CO3 content and C/O molar ratio on the mineral phases, metallization degree of iron

With the depletion of shallow resources, the exploration of deep earth resources has become a global strategy. The study of the different patterns in the physical mechanical properties of rocks at different occurrence depths is the basis for exploring deep into the earth, with the core and premise being the acquisition and testing of deep in-situ core specimens. Based on the original idea of deep in-situ

HIGmill, which is a type of vertical wet operated stirred media mill, has found applications in mineral industry requiring fine grinding stage. As the technology has recently been developed, knowledge regarding to its operation is scarce. This study aims to fulfill this gap with its focus on scale-up of the mill from laboratory scale tests. Within the scope of the work, a HIGmill operated at copper

The mining industry is experiencing a growing amount of stored production data, yet the full potential of these datasets in process modelling remains unexplored. Semi-autogenous grinding (SAG) mills are extensively used in the grinding circuit of mining plants. Precise prediction of SAG mill throughput can result in significant economic benefits, as it can be utilized for better parameter settings

Environmental assessment is generally performed when a mining project is at an advanced development stage, such as the prefeasibility study. It involves several laboratory tests such as detailed characterisation and geochemical mobility prediction tests, which require many samples considered representative of the deposit. Having early characterisation information could be useful to select the most

This work presents for the first time an electrochemical study of the electro-assisted reduction of chalcopyrite using an organic weak acid. The chalcopyrite reduction was assessed at the microelectrolysis level using different electrochemical and characterization techniques. The voltamperometric and FESEM/EDS results revealed that chalcopyrite can be reduced to bornite at more cathodic potentials

As the mining industry continues to seek greater energy efficiency, it needs more effective characterization of ore material as it progresses from mine to mill. The energy cost of ore mineral liberation, for example, is critically dependent on management of rock breakage from blasting to comminution. The study reported here presents a quantitative method for 3D characterization of ore texture and breakage

Green and sustainable production of secondary products from waste sources is needed for a global circular economy. The primary aim of this work was to produce ferric ammonium sulfate (FAS) from acid mine drainage (AMD). AMD with a Fe content of approximately 240?mg/L was used as a matrix to model FAS formation under different solution concentrations of Fe and S (as ferric sulfate and sulfuric acid)

In many mineral processing plants, using saline water has become necessary to improve water efficiency. However, the dissolved ions in the water such as Ca2+ and Mg2+ may have a significant negative impact on the flotation of RE (rare earth) minerals due to the chemical reaction with flotation reagents used in RE flotation. Although some researchers investigated flotation performance of pure rare earth

PCBs constitute a residue rich in metals, among which copper stands out due to its majority content, much higher than that found in natural deposits, so that it is a potential secondary resource. Many attempts have been made to recover copper via biohydrometallurgy because it is an environmentally friendly route, however, one of its main drawbacks is the low productivity achieved. A global process