Prothioconazole (PTC) is one of the leading fungicide products worldwide. However, excessive use of PTC facilitates the development of resistance. Pesticide compounding technology plays an important role in reducing pesticide resistance. Microspherization technology for the construction of pesticide dual-loaded systems has recently provided a new direction for researching novel and efficient pesticide

The enemy release hypothesis (ERH) predicts that alien plant species are unsuitable hosts for native phytophagous insects. On the other hand, the biotic resistance hypothesis (BRH) predicts that generalist herbivores may prefer alien plant over their common host plant. In this study, we have tested these two hypotheses by comparing the potential colonization of the invasive Pontic rhododendron (Rhododendron

The sugarcane billbug, Sphenophorus levis Vaurie 1978, is a key soil-dwelling insect pest of sugarcane in Brazil and greatly affects plant development and yield. This insect presents an aggregated distribution pattern in production fields. The reasons for such behavior include intraspecific communication and attractivity due to the fermentation of sugar in stalk residues. During mechanized harvesting

Rodent management involves the use of anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs). This use has resulted in the selection of numerous resistance alleles in the Vkorc1 gene, encoding the target enzyme of ARs. In Africa, while rodents are a major problem due to their transport and transmission of zoonotic pathogens and damage to crops, the use of ARs and the spread of resistance alleles are poorly documented. We

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is an economically important vegetable crop around the globe. Tomato yellow leaf curling (TYLC) is the most devastating viral disease posing a serious threat to tomato production throughout the tropical and subtropical world. Induction of microbe-mediated systemic resistance in plants have been of great interest in recent years as a novel microbiological tool in disease

Kiwifruit soft rot mainly caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea. This investigation assessed the inhibitory consequences and mechanisms of honokiol against B. dothidea. The findings indicate that honokiol hindered the mycelial growth, conidial germination, and pathogenicity of B. dothidea in a dose-dependent manner, both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, ultrastructural examinations unveiled that honokiol

In the semiarid sandy region of Northeast China, Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) suffers dieback after the age of 35, while Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora) and Chinese pine (Pinus tabuliformis) stay healthy. Foliar nutrient retranslocation reflects the nutrient conservation and utilization mechanism of plants in response to their habitats. However, the nutrient retranslocation

Improving our understanding of how different tree species function in urban stormwater management systems is important, as tree pits may provide a temporary reservoir for stormwater and as trees have the potential to actively reduce stormwater runoff by transpiration. While urban tree planting pits are increasingly used for short-term water storage during stormwater runoff events, this storage can

Cities are at the forefront of sustainability agendas, especially as places to implement the solutions needed to address key sustainability challenges. City-level governments have responded in diverse ways to these challenges, including adopting and implementing a mix of policies to improve resilience and liveability that address issues including heat mitigation, water security, and climate risks.

Historic gardens, regarded as a significant genre of cultural heritage, encapsulate the enduring essence of bygone eras while concurrently transcending temporal boundaries to resonate with the present and future. These gardens provide us vitality and inspiration, holding a collective repository of human memory and serving as a testament to our shared heritage. However, like landscapes, gardens constantly

The present study aimed to evaluate the capacity for carbon storage of ecosystems located on areas bordering paved or travelled roads, using the southern part of Quebec (Canada) as a case study. About 59 roadsides covering a variety of visually contrasting vegetation assemblages (from herbaceous covers to forest stands) and soil conditions were inventoried to quantify the carbon stocks of above- and

Brown rot disease, caused by Monilinia fructicola, poses a significant challenge to peach production in China. The efficacy of mefentrifluconazole, a new triazole fungicide, in controlling brown rot in peaches has been remarkable. However, the resistance risk and mechanism associated with this fungicide remain unclear. This study was designed to assess the resistance risk of M. fructicola to mefentrifluconazole

Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) are recognized as a major contributor to metabolic resistance in insects to most insecticides, through gene over-expressions and protein mutations. MicroRNA (miRNA), an important post-transcriptional regulator, has been reported to promote insecticide resistance by mediating the expression of detoxification enzyme genes.

Global climate changes have significantly affected tree growth and forest structures and functions in some arid and semi-arid regions, which are becoming warmer and wetter. Due to natural factors such as climate and terrain, some tree species may form different forest patches at the edges of their distribution areas. However, how forest patches of various sizes respond to climate change is unclear

Nilaparvata lugens (brown planthopper; BPH) is a significant rice pest in Asia, causing substantial yield losses. Pyramiding BPH resistance genes with diverse resistance traits into rice cultivars is an effective strategy for pest management. However, the response of pyramiding combinations to environmental changes remains unclear. To address this knowledge gap, we investigated three pyramiding rice

The commercialized Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) crops accumulate Bt protein within cells, but the intracellular interactions of foreign protein with endogenous protein inevitably results in a large or small of unintended effects. In this study, the Bt gene Cry1Ca was linked with the sequences of extracellular secretion signal peptide and carbohydrate binding module 11 to constitute a fusion gene SP-Cry1Ca-CBM11

Lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment and cellulose dissolution are principal challenges for its conversion to high-value chemicals, materials and fuels. This work focused on production of soluble cellooligosaccharides (COS) from palm bunch for future use as nutraceutical supplement to enhance human's immune and digestive systems. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been found as eco-friendly, renewable

Cheese whey (CW) is a by-product of the cheese industry with pollution potential if not properly managed. This study evaluates biogas potential from CW samples from the Canary Islands. Empirical data were used to evaluate biogas potential at cheese factory, municipality, insular and regional level. 24 samples of CW were collected from 17 different farms across the Canaries, including different industries

Optimal boiler settings are required to ensure high efficiencies during biomass combustion and to enable compliance with emission thresholds despite lower and fluctuating fuel qualities. Thus, an affordable and simple near-infrared retrofit solution for online fuel characterization was developed and tested to allow for automatic adjustments of the boiler control with respect to actual characteristics

We analyzed national forest inventory data collected from circa 2000–2018 across 37 of the eastern US states to better understand the influence of forest health related canopy disturbances on the regeneration and recruitment dynamics of upland oaks (Quercus). We found low levels of oak recruitment across all disturbance types examined but limited evidence of any direct effects from the type of disturbance

Shelterbelts can locally reduce wind speed in open terrains, moderating wind induced damage for agriculture and ameliorating growing conditions for crops. In this paper, Computation Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is adopted to clarify the effects of the characteristic parameters and arrangement of shelterbelts on their windbreak efficiency. The Darcy-Forchheimer canopy model is adopted to represent the vegetation

Evapotranspiration (ET) is generally affected by climate and vegetation, but the main factor controlling the spatial variation of ET largely varied with different regions. Clarifying the characteristics and dominant factor of ET in China is essential for understanding the regional ecosystem water balance. This study quantitatively assessed the magnitude and spatial variations of ET in China's terrestrial

Highly mobile stored product insects may be able to readily orient in response to food cues and pheromones to attack durable commodities at each link of post-harvest supply chain. A 0.4% deltamethrin-incorporated long-lasting insecticide netting (LLIN) is a successful novel preventative integrated pest management (IPM) tactic to intercept dispersing insects after harvest. However, it is unknown whether

The endoparasitoid Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson) is a promising biological control agent of the fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith). Since the application of insecticides is one of the prime choices in pest management, we evaluated the sublethal and transgenerational effects of the five key insecticides chlorantraniliprole, emamectin benzoate, spinetoram, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)

Migration is a strategy that shifts insects to more favorable habitats in response to deteriorating local environmental conditions. The ecological factors that govern insect migration are poorly understood for many species. Plutella xylostella causes great losses in Brassica vegetable and oilseed crops, and undergoes mass migration. However, the physiological and behavioral basis for distinguishing

Isopropyl 4-(2-chloro-6-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)benzamido)benzoate (TPB) was a 1,2,4-triazole benzoyl arylamine derivative with excellent antifungal activity, especially against Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (Ggt). Its mechanism of action was investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation, assays of sterol composition, cell membrane permeability, intracellular ATP and mitochondrial

Recent research advances in crop breeding and bioinformatics have revealed several genes that determine the flowering (heading) time in some crops. In this study, we calibrated an integrated rice phenology model that uses the genetic information of the cultivar to estimate the parameters of the models. Differences in the prediction of heading stage were examined using different phenology models and

During the COVID-19 pandemic, people’s park visit pattern has received great attention from both scholars and policy-makers, attributed to parks’ established health benefits and thus serving as an effective strategy to mitigate people’s stress and improve people’s physical and mental health. While burgeoning empirical evidence has been generated, both negative and positive impacts of the pandemic on

Gasification kinetics for six chars from residual origin have been determined in a relatively low temperature range, low CO2 and high H2O partial pressures, typical from Sorption Enhanced Gasification (SEG) processes. In general, models based on the Random Pore Model (RPM) are the best fitting experimental results, but ash composition (in terms of alkali and alkaline earth metals) was crucial for the

The increasing demand for renewable energy sources has driven the research and development of biogas production as a sustainable and efficient solution. Biogas production depends on various process parameters, which are complicated and highly non-linear processes that need to be controlled at optimal levels to ensure high productivity. The current study seeks to predict and optimize the biogas production

Valorizing the production of massive amounts of agricultural waste into valuable products is an immediate concern for environmental protection and bioeconomy advancement. Recently, agricultural waste has become a popular raw material for bioethanol production could reduce environmental pollution and strengthen the local circular bioeconomy. Its preprocessing is an essential and critical step in making

The frequency and extent of wildfires in the Arctic has been increasing due to climate change. However, there is a lack of understanding about long-term impacts of climate warming on post-fire carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange in arctic tundra ecosystems. To investigate this, we conducted an experimental low-intensity fire in combination with summer warming (using open top chambers) in a dry heath tundra

Playing outdoors in nature with peers has been attributed most importance for children's healthy development but is increasingly marginalized because of the attractiveness of screen-based play. Careful merging of digital technology into outdoor play environments rich on nature elements could potentially help bridge digital play with more traditional play activities outdoors. A systematic comparison

Urban greening is a practical adaptation to improve the liveability of a city by providing urban cooling. This paper systematically evaluates the existing literature to understand the methodologies and associated data sources for determining the cooling effect provided by urban greening. A bibliometric analysis, including research focus parallelship network analysis and keyword co-occurrence network

The concept of green infrastructure has the potential to promote planning and implementation of multifunctional green and blue spaces that tackle several urban sustainability issues. Around 2016, German governmental institutions initiated a discourse on green infrastructure as a planning approach at the federal level. This initiative resulted, amongst other, in an urban green infrastructure planning

The longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) ecosystem is an endangered ecosystem in the southeastern USA, and efforts to restore the species are ongoing. However, in recent decades, the region has experienced drastic fluctuations between wet and dry growing season conditions from year to year, and it is not fully understood how these fluctuations have influenced the growth of P. palustris. To address

Leaf fall in the autumn opens the forest canopy, allowing more solar radiation to be transmitted to the forest floor. Those understorey species that remain physiologically active into the autumn may benefit from the sunlight received by extending their growing season, to assimilate additional carbon while conditions remain favourable. We monitored leaf water and pigment content, as well as photosynthetic

The pepper weevil (PW), Anthonomus eugenii, is an economically significant pest of cultivated Capsicum spp. pepper crops in North America where it remains a challenge to manage because of its cryptic immature life stages. The sterile insect technique (SIT) is a genetic pest management tactic that relies on the release of insects that have been sterilized with ionizing radiation to lower the population

Urban parks contribute to sustainable urban development by bringing various social and environmental benefits; understanding the factors influencing park use is important for informing evidence-based park design and intervention. Although there are increasing number of studies using user-generated content (UGC) as a proxy of park use, few studies have examined how UGC influences park use. Therefore

Due to the ecosystem services they provide, street trees are fundamental for the quality of life and well-being of the urban human population. However, street trees are usually not equitably distributed across streetscapes, making some demographic groups most vulnerable to the consequences of a poorly managed street tree community. In this study, we evaluated if the socioeconomic characteristics of

Purpose of Review Continuous cover forestry (CCF) is a sustainable management approach for forestry in which forest stands are manipulated to create irregular stand structures with varied species composition. This approach differs greatly from the traditional approaches of plantation-based forestry, in which uniform monocultures are maintained, and thus, traditional methods of assessment, such as productivity

Silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) is a flexible European tree species, mainly vegetating within the mountainous regions of Europe, but its growth responses across its latitudinal and longitudinal range have not yet been satisfactorily verified under changing environmental conditions. This study describes the tree-ring increment of silver fir in research plots across a latitudinal gradient from the northern

Water pollution from dye waste presents a pressing environmental challenge that urgently requires innovative and sustainable solutions. In this regard, reusable visible-light-driven photocatalysts prepared using renewable resources are essential to overcome the problem. This research aims to develop Pangium edule (PE) kernel biomass-derived NCQDs/TiO2/PVA nanocomposite films for reusable visible light-assisted

The intensification of the hydrological cycle has increased heavy rainfall and drought events in a changing climate. However, compared to drought, the impacts of heavy rainfall on crop production are under-studied. Using field experimental data and a calibrated crop model CYGMA, we showed that excessive soil water associated with heavy rainfall events is having a detrimental effect on cowpea yields

Understanding the climatic triggers of litterfall production is essential for simulating nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems. However, the mechanisms underlying litterfall dynamics in subtropical forests remain unclear because of the complex canopy phenological strategies. Herein, we explored this by investigating a unique litterfall dataset (including components such as leaves, branches, flowers

The power-function complementary relationship (CR) represents the latest advancement in definitive CR models, offering enhanced predictions of terrestrial evapotranspiration (E), all while elucidating the physical interpretations of its associated parameters. In this study, we introduced practical approaches to integrate the traditional Budyko framework into the novel CR model for global-scale E prediction

As the intensity and frequency of extreme weather events are projected to increase under climate change, assessing their impact on cropping systems and exploring feasible adaptation options is increasingly critical. Process-based crop models (PBCMs), which are widely used in climate change impact assessments, have improved in simulating the impacts of major extreme weather events such as heatwaves

With urbanization rapidly increasing, evapotranspiration (ET) in urban forests plays an increasingly important role in urban hydrology and climate. However, large uncertainty remains regarding the regulating factors of ET in urban area. Using the eddy-covariance technique, we investigated the temporal variations of ET in an urban forest park in Beijing for 2012–2022. Daily ET was close to zero during

The Bowen ratio (β), which is the ratio of sensible heat (H) to latent heat (LE), reflects the energy balance and partitioning processes among soil, vegetation, and the atmosphere. Although the spatial patterns of β have been clearly delineated, the importance of vegetation in the spatial variation of β is frequently underestimated. Revealing the spatial patterns of β would improve the understanding

Greenspace in residential landscapes meets human needs, connects people with nature, and supports wildlife and biodiversity. However, some landscape maintenance practices are detrimental to wildlife and components of their habitat. We conducted a cross-sectional study to understand consumer knowledge, the extent of existing demand, and barriers related to wildlife-friendly landscape maintenance practices